Class
Description
Onset and Duration
Indications
Contraindications
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
How Supplied
Dosage and Administration
Special Considerations
Calcium-channel blocker
Nifedipine inhibits the movement of calcium ions across cell membranes. By blocking the entry of calcium into cells, it depresses smooth muscle contraction. Nifedipine dilates coronary arteries and arterioles in normal and ischemic tissue, prevents coronary artery spasm, dilates peripheral vessels, and decreases total peripheral resistance (reducing myocardial oxygen demand). When arterial pressure is reduced, a reflex is stimulated, causing a small increase in heart rate and a mild elevation in the force of myocardial contraction. Nifedipine does not slow SA nodal activity or prolong AV nodal conduction.
Angina pectoris
Hypertensive urgencies (investigational)
Pulmonary edema (investigational)
Hypersensitivity
Compensatory hypertension
Hypotension
Dizziness, lightheadedness
Flushing, heat sensation
Headache
Weakness
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Peripheral edema
Mood changes
Palpitations
Hypotension
Myocardial infarction
Allergic reaction
Facial flushing
Beta blockers may potentiate effects.
Antihypertensives may potentiate hypotensive effects.
Effects of theophylline may be increased.
Pregnancy safety: Category C.
A beta blocker should be available for management of reflex tachycardia.
May produce hypotension and precipitate angina pectoris in older patients.